Symbols

Certain objects take on symbolic value in To Kill A Mockingbird. That is, an object is used by the author as apart of the setting or narrative, yet that object points to or represents something outside itself. Of course, a central symbol is the mockingbird, described by Miss Maudie as a creature that should never be killed because it is harmless and even provides song for the enjoyment of others. Both Boo Radley and Tom Robinson are basically blameless individuals who are at the mercy of society, yet society is cruel to Boo, and ultimately Tom is murdered. The symbol of the mockingbird also points to Scout, both as an innocent child and as the grown-up narrator, who "sings a song" in telling the story.

     
 
Activities
symbolism of objects
1
Explain the ways in which the following function as symbols in To Kill A Mockingbird:
(a) the mad dog
(b) the treehouse
(c) camellias
(d) the gun
(e) the cemented hole in the tree
(f) columns on buildings
(g) Atticus' pocket watch
(h) the fire that burns down Miss Maudie's house
symbolim of the mockingbird
2
The title of Lee's book is alluded to when Atticus gives his children air rifles and tells them that they can shoot all the bluejays they want, but "it's a sin to kill a mockingbird." At the end of the novel, Scout likens the "sin" of naming Boo as Bob Ewell's killer to "shootin' a mockingbird." Is Boo the only innocent, or mockingbird, in this novel? Identify and explain all the characters in the novel who can be liken to the mockingbird symbol.
symbolism of names
3
Atticus's name is a reference to the district (Attica) of ancient Greece in which Athens was located. As an ancient civilisation, Athens was renowned for its wisdom, rational approach to life, and its belief in justice. In some ways Atticus' rational approach to life is similar to that of ancient philosophers. You might look up the views of the Stoics; their philosophy has a certain resemblance to Atticus' type of southern gentleman.
(a) Throughout the novel, there are many examples where Atticus illustrates the qualities or values of wisdom, rational approach to life, and belief in justice. Find at least ONE example for each (remember to include page references.)
(b) Now, work out what the following names symbolise and provide at least one example for each character:
• Finch (the characters' surname)
• Scout
• Jem
• Dill
• Tom Robinson
• Boo Radley
other symbols
4
Particular flowers are frequently mentioned in the novel. Analyse these. With whom are these flowers associated, and how? In each case, what meaning do the flowers seem to have?
5
Why do you think the scene in which Jem and Scout build a snowman was included in the novel? Explain.
6
Because the courtroom is so crowded, Scout and Jem watch Tom Robinson's trial from the "Coloured balcony" with the Reverend Sykes and the rest of Maycomb's black community. Why would Lee place them there? What is the symbolic significance of Scout and Jem viewing the trial from this perspective?
7
Some readers think that Jem's broken arm symbolizes the wound that the system of segregation inflicted on white southerners. What do you think of this idea? What evidence can you find in the story to support this idea?
8
What else might Jem's broken arm symbolise?
9
How do prisons, imprisonment and boundaries or barriers function as symbols in the novel?
10
What is the symbolic significance of works of literature mentioned throughout the novel? Trace all the references to other works of literature, making note of when and where they occur in the narrative. What parts do each play in the action or major ideas of the novel?
11
What might the Halloween pageant symbolise?